Cups: Vibrations Bottom of the cup acts as a diaphragm Compresses/Decompresses air (compression/rarefaction)... air molecules
Longitudinal wave (sound wave)
Harmonic/Overtone Series: Fundamental (pitch) 100 Hz 8va 200 Hz 5th 300 Hz 8va 400 Hz 3rd 500 Hz 5th b7 etc. When you double the Hz, you get an octave above.
QUALITIES OF SOUND: Loudness (amplitude/amplification - measured in decibels [dB]; the softest sound we can hear is 0 dB, it hurts at 120 dB) Timbre (quality/tone quality) (the volume of underlying harmonics in the overtone series) (EQ changes the harmonics) Pitch (frequency/wave length) (the closer the waves, the higher the pitch. the farther away, the lower the pitch) (Heinrich Hertz, Hz) (cycles per second)
Clipping: sound waves have to fit in a box. it they're above 0 dB, the tops/bottoms of the waves will exceed the limits of the box and get squared off, chopping off a bunch of 1s and 0s and creating digital noise
Headroom: space between wave and the box - if there's a lot, you'll hear room noise
When recording, you ideally want the wave to exactly hit the edges of the box - You want the loudest sound without clipping and with minimal headroom
"Change Gain" function: can change the wave's proximity to the box "Normalization": will make the loudest sound in the wave form hit 0 dB Compressor: will make a wave form with abnormalities more even - VERY IMPORTANT
speed of sound: 1130 feet per second temperature changes speed of sound
human's hear: 20Hz to 20,000Hz (20kHz)
ELECTRONICALLY PRODUCED WAVES: Sine waves: smooth sound, just the fundamental - no overtones Square waves: all the odd harmonics present Triangle waves: contains only odd harmonics, but smoother than square (tapers) Sawtooth wave: has every single harmonic (dies off)
Natural sound: complex wave, every frequency. Represents almost all sounds.
White noise: ALL harmonics ever Pink noise: good for testing room
Doppler Effect - pitch change as a moving object goes by - waves get closer together as it gets closer to you, producing a higher pitch
Period: one complete wave cycle Sound waves move back and forth from the sound source (Longitudinally) (Tranverse waves move up and down, like water.)
Vibrations
Bottom of the cup acts as a diaphragm
Compresses/Decompresses air (compression/rarefaction)... air molecules
Longitudinal wave (sound wave)
Harmonic/Overtone Series:
Fundamental (pitch) 100 Hz
8va 200 Hz
5th 300 Hz
8va 400 Hz
3rd 500 Hz
5th
b7
etc.
When you double the Hz, you get an octave above.
QUALITIES OF SOUND:
Loudness (amplitude/amplification - measured in decibels [dB]; the softest sound we can hear is 0 dB, it hurts at 120 dB)
Timbre (quality/tone quality) (the volume of underlying harmonics in the overtone series) (EQ changes the harmonics)
Pitch (frequency/wave length) (the closer the waves, the higher the pitch. the farther away, the lower the pitch) (Heinrich Hertz, Hz) (cycles per second)
Clipping: sound waves have to fit in a box. it they're above 0 dB, the tops/bottoms of the waves will exceed the limits of the box and get squared off, chopping off a bunch of 1s and 0s and creating digital noise
Headroom: space between wave and the box - if there's a lot, you'll hear room noise
When recording, you ideally want the wave to exactly hit the edges of the box - You want the loudest sound without clipping and with minimal headroom
"Change Gain" function: can change the wave's proximity to the box
"Normalization": will make the loudest sound in the wave form hit 0 dB
Compressor: will make a wave form with abnormalities more even - VERY IMPORTANT
speed of sound: 1130 feet per second
temperature changes speed of sound
human's hear: 20Hz to 20,000Hz (20kHz)
ELECTRONICALLY PRODUCED WAVES:
Sine waves: smooth sound, just the fundamental - no overtones
Square waves: all the odd harmonics present
Triangle waves: contains only odd harmonics, but smoother than square (tapers)
Sawtooth wave: has every single harmonic (dies off)
Natural sound: complex wave, every frequency. Represents almost all sounds.
White noise: ALL harmonics ever
Pink noise: good for testing room
Doppler Effect - pitch change as a moving object goes by - waves get closer together as it gets closer to you, producing a higher pitch
Period: one complete wave cycle
Sound waves move back and forth from the sound source (Longitudinally)
(Tranverse waves move up and down, like water.)